New treatments to disinfect vine cuttings with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and the reason for the control

Petri disease is a problem for vineyard caused mainly by the fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Contaminated seedlings are source of inoculum for the disease. Treatment to disinfect vine rootstock cuttings for seedling production is hot water treatment (HWT) by 50 °C for 30 min, but the efficiency is contested. To improve its efficacy, the study aimed to assess the combination of the following methods and the reason for the control: i) exposition of the fungus to five different temperatures in HWT bath for 30 min; ii and iii) exposition of the fungus and also plants infected with P. chlamydospora to different disinfection treatments (biofumigation = soil + cabbage at 40 °C; temperatures of 40 and 23 °C, all in microcosm), in different periods (7, 14 and 21 days), with and without additional HWT (51 °C for 30 min). The results showed that HWT with high temperatures (55­70 °C) for 30 min inactivated the fungus. Biofumigation technique at 40 °C and the temperature solely of 40 °C applied for up to 21 days and combined with HWT (51 °C for 30 min) inhibited mycelial growth and inactivated the fungus in vine plant tissues without compromising the rooting.

Controle do tombamento de plântulas de algodoeiro, causado por Rhizoctonia solani, através do tratamento de sementes / Control damping off on cotton seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani through seed treatment

O tombamento de plântulas, causado por Rhizoctonia solani, é considerado uma das mais importantes doenças do algodoeiro. Esse patógeno habitante do solo, sobrevive na matéria orgânica ou restos vegetais e pode ser transmitido para as sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com fungicidas no controle do tombamento de plantas causado por R. solani. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 1) testemunha não inoculada; 2) testemunha inoculada; 3) fluazinam + tiofanato metílico (115,5 + 17,33 g 100 kg-1 sementes); 4) fluazinam + tiofanato metílico (150,5 + 22,58 g 100 kg-1 sem.); 5) fluazinam + tiofanato metílico (185,5 + 27,83 g 100 kg-1 sem.); 6) pencicurom (75 g 100 kg-1 sem.); 7) tolifluanida (100 g 100 kg-1 sem.): 8) carbendazim + tiram (90 + 120 g 100 kg-1 sem.) e 9) fludioxonil (5 g 100 kg-1 sem.). Foi avaliada a emergência de plântulas aos 07 e 26 DAS, a porcentagem de incidência de sintomas, a severidade, a altura de plântulas, o comprimento de raiz e a massa de matéria seca aos 26 DAS. O fungicida fluazinam + tiofanato metílico nas doses de 115,5 + 17,33 g i.a. 100-1 kg de sementes, 150,5 + 22,58 g i.a. 100-1 kg de sementes e o fungicida tolifluanida na dose de 100 g i.a. 100-1 kg de sementes, mostram-se eficientes no controle de tombamento do algodoeiro causado por Rhizoctonia solani, podendo a mistura de fluazinam + tiofanato metílico ser recomendada para o controle deste patógeno. Plântulas do tratamento testemunha inoculada apresentaram menor altura, caracterizando menor desenvolvimento inicial da cultura, sendo então adequado o tratamento de sementes com fungicidas.

Damping off, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important cotton diseases. This soil pathogen, survives in organic matter and can be transmitted by seeds. The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of seeds treatment with a fungicides for control of damping off, caused by R. solani. The evaluated treatments were as follows: 1) untreated check without inoculation; 2) untreated check with inoculation; 3) fluazinam + thiophanate-methyl (115,5 + 17,33 g.100 kg-1 seeds); 4) fluazinam + thiophanate-methyl (150,5 + 22,58 g.100 kg-1 seeds); 5) fluazinam + thiophanate-methyl (185,5 + 27,83 g.100 kg-1 seeds); 6) pencycuron (75 g.100 kg-1 seeds); 7) tolylflouanid (100 g.100 kg-1 seeds): 8) carbendazin + thiram (90 + 120 g.100 kg-1 seeds) and 9) fludioxonil (5 g.100 kg-1 seeds). It was evaluated the plant population at 7 and 26 days after sowing; incidence and severity of the disease; seedling height; root length and dry weight at 26 days afeter sowing. The fungicide fluazinam + thiophanate methyl doses 115,5 + 17,33 g i.a. 100-1 kg seeds, 150,5 + 22,58 g i.a. 100-1 kg seeds and the fungicide tolylfluanid doses 100 g i.a. 100-1 kg seeds, showed control efficiency of cotton dumping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, can be recommended to this pathogen control. Seedlings of untreated check with inoculation showed short height, characterizing less start development of the culture, been recommended the seed treatment with fungicides.